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Vplyv nekonvenčnej menovej politiky na devízové kurzy
Gáťová, Jana
Gáťová, J. The impact of unconventional monetary policy on exchange rate. Diplo-ma thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2023 The diploma thesis deals with the impact of unconventional monetary policy on the exchange rate. The literary review deals with the instruments of unconven-tional monetary policy and their specific use by the central banks ECB and FED. The aim of the thesis was to identify the impact of unconventional monetary poli-cy, primarily quantitative easing, on the USD/EUR exchange rate. In the empirical part of the diploma thesis, an analysis was carried out that examined this relation-ship using graphs and a VAR model, from which Granger causality and Impulse-response analysis were subsequently derived. Based on the analysis, the relation-ship between the quantitative easing of the central banks of the ECB, the FED and the movement of the USD/EUR exchange rate was proven.
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Federal Reserve System's attitude to CBDC
Slabý, Jiří ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
Using Content Analysis, this Master's thesis aims to answer the question of why the Federal Reserve System is delaying the introduction of a central bank digital currency (CBDC). This new financial instrument responds to the technological innovations of recent years in the field of currencies - cryptocurrencies. With declining numbers of people using central bank money, namely cash, the CBDC efforts to reverse this trend. This thesis offers a comparison of various means of payment so that the reader understands exactly how CBDC differs from them. With the help of examples of already established digital currencies or their pilot projects, it shows possible paths for the United States as well. The support of the executive branch, Congress, and especially the American public is needed for the introduction of CBDC in the United States. The President's backing is evidenced, for example, by his Executive Order No. 14067. Finding support in Congress is much more difficult for the Fed since its composition changes every two years. With the Republican Party currently on top in the House of Representatives, it will be more difficult to push the President's agenda. Additionally, Republican Congressmen typically introduce bills against additional Fed powers. A public survey on the introduction of CBDC has not...
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Důsledky kvantitativního uvolňování v Evropě a USA
Kocveldová, Gabriela
This thesis investigates consequences of quantitative easing in Euro area and in the USA, especially for the fixed-income market. Empirical part of the thesis is split into the analysis of individual phases of quantitative easing in the USA and into the evaluation of consequences on chosen macroeconomic indicators. Same procedure is applied for the Euro area.
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Legal and economic aspects of the institute of the lender of last resort
Vágnerová, Tereza ; Dupáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Seknička, Pavel (referee)
Legal and economic aspects of the institute of the lender of last resort Abstract The master thesis deals with the legal and economic aspects of the institute of the lender of last resort, as a key institute that helps ensure the stability of financial markets. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is focused on the economic aspects of this institute, especially deals with the general definition of the term lender of last resort and its historical genesis, as well as the principles and forms of assistance of the lender of last resort. The key knowledge of this part is the Thornton-Bagehot doctrine of the lender of last resort. The second part of the thesis deals with the legal regulation of the lender of last resort in the Czech Republic. The third part is aimed at relevant European legislation and provides a summary of the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, namely the cases Pringle, Gauweiler and Weiss. The fourth and final part of the thesis outlines the legal framework of this institute in the USA. The second to fourth part of the thesis also analyzes the behavior of 3 central banks (CNB, ECB and FED) in fulfilling the role of lender of last resort during the global financial crisis of 2008, the European debt crisis and the current coronavirus crisis,...
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Three Essays on Central European Foreign Exchange Markets
Moravcová, Michala ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Komárek, Luboš (referee) ; Baumohl, Eduard (referee) ; Pappas, Vasileios (referee)
This dissertation thesis consists of three essays on new EU foreign exchange markets (FX), i.e. the Czech koruna, Polish zloty and Hungarian forint. In the first two essays, the impact of foreign macroeconomic news announcements and central banks' monetary policy settings on the value and volatility of examined exchange rates is analyzed. In the third chapter, the conditional comovements and volatility spillovers on new EU FX markets is examined. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the existing empirical literature by providing new evidence of the examined currencies during periods, which have not been examined yet (after the Global financial crisis (GFC), during the EU debt crisis and during currency interventions in the Czech Republic). The first essay (Chapter 2) examines the impact of Eurozone/Germany and US macroeconomic news announcements and monetary policy settings of the ECB and the Fed on the value of new EU member states' currencies. It is a complex analysis of 1-minute intraday dataset performed by event study methodology (ESM). We observe different reactions of exchange rates in pair with the US dollar on the US macroeconomic announcements and Euro-expressed FX rates on Germany macro news during the EU debt crisis and after it. We also provide evidence of leaking news, showing...
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Role Federálního Rezervního Systému v ekonomice USA
Selitrennikova, Irina ; Gevorgyan, Kristine (advisor) ; Brůna, Karel (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the Central Bank of the United States, the Federal Reserve Bank, to define its role during two serious crises and to research changes occurred to FED's incomes. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to three entities which Federal Reserve consists of, the second one obtains the historical information about the reasons of its foundation and chronological chain of events preceding it. The Great Depression, The Great Recession and the actions of the FRS that were undertaken during these periods are described in the third chapter. After the recent crisis that occurred in 2008 the structure and amount of FED's incomes changed a lot. I devoted the fourth chapter of this bachelor thesis to the analysis of reasons of these changes and its consequences.
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Economic Policy in the USA and Germany 1933–1939
Johnson, Zdenka ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Slaný, Antonín (referee)
The dissertation provides an analysis, evaluation, and comparison of selected areas of economic policy in the United States of America and Germany from 1933 to 1939 within the context of the 1920s, the Great Depression, and the Second World War. Based on a thorough analysis of the determined objectives, tools, the intended and unintended impacts of their fiscal policies, monetary policies, and foreign-trade policies, the dissertation thesis aims to verify the basic hypothesis that the United States and German economic policies were largely similar as responding to similar issues that both advanced economies had to face. During the verification process, the author relies mainly on the genuine processing and analysis of original statistical sources. In the individual chapters of the dissertation both identical, and also different features in selected types of economic policies are presented. On the basis of a comparison of the main economic-policies trends, despite some differences in the partial characteristics of chosen economic policy types, it can be concluded that economic policies of the central governments of Germany and the United States of America were similar in surprisingly many respects.
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Monetary policy approaches at the ZLB to solve post-crisis situation and their effectiveness
Hummelová, Magdalena ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Ryska, Pavel (referee)
Monetary policy approaches at the ZLB to solve post-crisis situation and their effectiveness Magdalena Hummelová May 10, 2016 Abstract This thesis describes monetary policy tools implemented by central banks whose main monetary policy rates at some point after 2008 global economic crisis hit the zero lower bound. Central banks considered in this study are the Fed, the ECB, the SNB and the CNB. A smaller ef- fectiveness analysis of the macroeconomic effects using a simple vector autoregressive (VAR) model is provided as well. The model is inspired by similar study of Gambacorta et al. (2012). With the use of monthly data over the sample period, the VAR tries to quantify the impact an increase in a central bank's balance sheet has on the main economic indicators- real output, consumer prices and implied volatility indices in the financial markets. Some of the results are comparable to those of the reference study mentioned above. This applies to the output results in a sense that the balance sheet shock has a slightly significant temporary effect on it. On the contrary, responses of the implied volatility indices and prices are less significant (or insignificant) and not at all comparable with the reference study. With some exceptions, there are no major discrepancies between individual country results in spite of...
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The Comparison of Monetary Policy of ECB and FED and their Reaction to the Financial Crisis
Hajíčková, Tereza ; Raková, Marie (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
Central banks are institutions which play an important role in today's market economies and which have an influence on economic development. Their influence was obvious during the last financial crisis when the measures taken by them were expected with impatience. This thesis is focused on the two important central banks in contemporary world - European Central Bank (ECB) and Federal Reserve System (FED). The first part of the thesis is a general description of central banking. It is followed by description of both banks with respect to their monetary politics. The last part of the thesis deals with the reactions of ECB and FED to the financial crisis. An analysis of the measures they have taken is also made. It is possible to conclude that monetary politics of ECB and FED was successful.
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